To complete a research paper, scientists need to know the current state of knowledge in the field. This is accomplished through a review of the scholarly literature. Keep in mind, scholarly literature is generally peer-reviewed to ensure that it is not merely opinions. The literature review is critical to determine potential “gaps” in the literature that your study will address AND/OR to place your study in a theoretical base.

Ideally, find a literature review already published and build off that (time-saving!) Do note time of publication: usually literature evolves fast and requires frequent updates.

Literature review is one of the most fun parts in doing research--you will read scholarly literature about the topic of your interest! And by doing so, you'll become an expert in the field. Literature review is usually the first step in research process--you need to first find out what we know so far, so that you can conduct informed research. These days literature review is very easy--just use Google Scholar:  https://scholar.google.com/

A really good overview of doing literature review for is in a video below (note: rather for masters (say MPA) students or really fundamentals for PhDs).

 

DO note: it is critical to synthesize/critique, *not* just summarize! Some elaboration: [lets skim through bullets in 1st ex]
https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com/2010/09/29/reading-strategies-differneces-between-summarizing-and-synthesizing/
http://explainwell.org/index.php/table-of-contents-synthesize-text/summary-and-synthesis-what-is-the-difference
http://beyondpenguins.ehe.osu.edu/issue/climate-change-and-the-polar-regions/summarizing-and-synthesizing-whats-the-difference
http://guides.library.jhu.edu/lit-review/synthesize

Also, it should end by showing where is the gap, or need for more and how your own research would fit.

And plan ahead: doing literature review takes time.

Google Scholar

Doing a literature review no longer requires a trip to the library, or even any online library!
Just use Google Scholar: quick, couple minute, decent overview is shown in a video below.

 

There are couple of things that we should pay attention to. First obvious question is how do i tell good article from bad? Google scholar will typically return thousands of hits and you need to be able to narrow down. First thing to do would be to adjust the query--these first hits will be those that match the query, so it really matters a great deal what your query is! So - think about it, and try many different ones.  Sometimes have to put the phrase in quotes; otherwise it matches each word separately.

Also do note number of citations: publications that are cited more are in general better, but factor in the fact that older articles will have more cites.

Especially for the best articles click "Cited by" to see who cites that article--if there is a very good article and one that you are really interested in, those that cite it, are probably worth looking at too. In general, you may want to have a look at publications that are either very close to what you are doing or are very important--typically widely cited (say hundreds of citations) or very good publication outlet, typically a good peer reviewed journal or a book from a good press.  

For many, or indeed most publications, do not read the whole thing--just skim through the abstract; sometimes skim through results and maybe conclusion--only read the very best and most relevant publications, do not waste time on irrelevant ones, it is easy to get yourself overwhelmed. This is super important! One of the key pieces of advice here. 



Organize right away!: annotated bibliography, mark up pdfs, do free writing--just dump it all right away! (organize and polish later) :)

May want to skip too complex math/stats or too complex language (especially if very advanced and/or not in your area (usually this is the case for masters (eg MPA) students)).

Note that it is easy to add the article to the references list of your paper--from the list of results in Google Scholar for each found item there are quotation marks that you can click to pop up reference in APA and other formats, and then just copy-paste to Word document


A final note on conducting lit rev: it is difficult! Perhaps contrary to an initial impression, doing a literature review is difficult! People almost always end up in copy-paste mode where they briefly summarize each research piece in a paragraph--this is wrong! again you need to synthesize/critique, add your own value added! So you may want to go through the above material more than once to have it sinked in and also look at the examples in academic/professional literature. A quick good  from RAND Center for Policing report:

“Concerns about recruiting minorities and women that dominated police recruitment discussions decades ago have now expanded to concerns that the profession is failing to market itself to a new generation of workers (COPS, 2009b). Personnel costs comprise 75 to 85 percent of police department budgets, underscoring the importance of hiring, recruiting, and selecting the best candidates, even in uncertain times (Orrick, 2008a; White and Escobar, 2008). Agencies have little guidance for recruitment strategies, so difficulties persist. Jordan et al. (2009) found that only one in five agencies had targeted recruitment strategies for women and minorities. White and Escobar (2008, p. 120) lament police agencies’ unwillingness to “sell themselves” when recruiting for diversity. As the diversity and breadth of the communities that agencies serve expands, agencies might face difficulties in recruiting officers for positions that are increasingly complex, require new competencies, or require interaction with communities whose needs they do not always know or understand (Wilson et al. 65).”

Note it's a narrative with value added more than the citations or summaries of them, it's a new narrative that synthesizes/integrates what we already know in a new way.

Some more resources, if you still need more elaboration:  
https://scholar.google.com/intl/en/scholar/help.html  
http://mashable.com/2014/12/03/google-scholar-guide  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wncPoUS1xJw  
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/googlescholar/searching

Doing literature only: publishing literature review paper

It has to be comprehensive! Often more difficult than empirical paper. A great exercise and a way to become an expert in the field: By doing such comprehensive literature review, you become an expert in the field.
Maybe do content analysis or meta analysis
eg https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=content+analysis and https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=meta+analysis Note, these are specific qualitative research tools, you'll probably learn more in capstone, but again, as always, whatever you end up doing, a thorough lit rev is a first step and foundation.

[*][mostly for phds] Taking advantage of advanced computational ways of doing a literature review

At least use goog sch recommendations!
It is typically actually impossible to be really uptodate with the literature: there is just too much! For elaboration see https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11192-012-0937-9 and https://www.axios.com/scientific-research-information-overload-4233d2c9-6aca-4464-bdd6-008bc27bde36.html and it seems that there are at least one useful tool:
https://www.semanticscholar.org/

published research should motivate analysis/modeling!

Find studies using this very same data or studies using similar data that study what you study or something similar--then follow them, also in model building, eg motivate with them use of the independent variables--modeling should be motivated by the literature and you must be able to find at least something similar

Linking dataset to literature and finding the right variables: Can I study X with some specific dataset?

probably fastest way to go about finding variables you need: just google what you are interested in and dataset name, eg: https://www.google.com/search?q=%22biking%22+panel+study+of+income+dynamics&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwie0ZeXztndAhUOZd8KHUWYCiUQ5t4CMAB6BAgJEAo&biw=1314&bih=1367 or: https://www.google.com/search?ei=2vmrW_HZBKSQggeyiImYAw&q=%22public+transit%22+panel+study+of+income+dynamics&oq=%22public+transit%22+panel+study+of+income+dynamics&gs_l=psy-ab.3...3889.7201..7426...0.0..0.203.1073.12j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......0j0i67j0i7i30j0i30j0i8i7i30j0i7i5i30j33i10.x1yZRiIQmS8

journals quality (and on publishing in journals)

A quick very useful guide is https://www.scimagojr.com/journalrank.php. As a beginning scholar, almost always you should not go for top journals, neither you should go for "indecent journals", ie usually those without Impact Factor (IF) (those not listed in SJR), or those with very low IF, say less than .5. A decent starting journal has an impact factor of about 1. Note, this differs widely by the field. Also look at SJR indicator, actually I typically find it more telling than IF. Also, look at trends, you want to submit to journals that are improving.

Publishing takes time: many months, or typically years, and usually articles get rejected, for decent journals more than half of the time, and for the good ones about ninety percent of the time. But you get reviews (unless your paper is really bad or doesn't fit): reviews are priceless: this is the help from the field, often top scholars in the field, also publishing is the best, and often the only, way to get into conversation with your field. Almost always the major scholars in your niche are not at your university, but scattered around the world, and publishing in decent, and especially good journals is the best way to get into conversation with them. Also, fundamentally, research does not make sense if you keep in the drawer, if you found something interesting you should let the world know, and this is what you do by publishing in a scholarly journal.